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What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ? Types and symptoms of OCD, Risk factors of OCD, Causes of OCD, Treatment of OCD

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  OCD [Obsessive Compulsive Disorder] OCD is a mental disorder which consists of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions such as repetitive unwanted thoughts, images, impulses and fears which is intrusive and persistent, and leads to repetitive behaviors[ compulsions] that are extensive, time consuming and distressful [  eg., cleaning, counting, or hoarding ]. The obsessive-compulsive and related disorders differ from developmentally normative preoccupations and rituals by being excessive or persisting beyond developmentally appropriate periods. The distinction between the presence of subclinical symptoms and a clinical disorder requires assessment of a number of factors, including the individual’s level of distress and impairment in functioning. OCD also reduce quality of life as well as social and occupational impairments  . Impairment can be caused by the time spent obsessing and doing compulsions. Avoidance of situations that can trigger obsessions or compulsions can also severely r
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What is observation learning ? Stages of Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, factors that influenced observational learning, stages of observational learning,

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  What is Observation learning :- Observation learning is the learning of a new behavior through watching the actions of a model [ someone else who is doing that behavior ]. Someone that behavior is desirable , and sometimes it is not. Observational learning is classified as a form of social learning   . Instead of other forms of learning like classical conditioning and operant conditioning, no reinforcement is required .  Instead, social models such as a parent, teacher, sibling or a friend are required for observational learning.  Bandura- Bobo Doll Experiment  Stage 1 : Modeling  In the experimental conditions children were individually shown into a room containing toys and played with some potato prints and pictures in a corner for 10 minutes while either. 24 children [ 12 boys and 12 girls ] watched a male or female model behaving aggressively towards a toy called a " Bobo doll ". The adults attacked the Bobo doll in a distinctive manner- they used a hammer in some cases
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What is research problem ? definition of research problem, components, selection of the problem, source , characteristics, how to write the statement problem, formulation of research problem,

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What is a research problem ?   In general a research problem refers to some difficulty which a researcher experiences in the context of either theoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain solution for the same. A research problem is the foundation of any research method and experimental design. It is a situation or circumstances which require a solution to be described, predicted or explained. A research problem does not state how to d something, offer a vague or broad proposition, or present a value question. Identification and formulation of a research problem is the first step of the research process, and it is the most difficult and challenging phase of the research process. It is an area of concern where there is a gap in the knowledge needed for professional practices.  Definition of research problem :- "A situation for which we have no ready and successful response by instinct or by previous acquired habit we must find out what to do."  [ R.S. Woodworth ]  Ac
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What is hypothesis ? Definitions of hypothesis, Nature , Characteristics , Functions , Sources , Types of hypothesis , Formulation of hypothesis, Errors in testing a hypothesis , Uses of hypothesis ,

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What is hypothesis ? A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as hypothesis. It is a precise, clear, specific and formal testable statement of what the researcher predict about the expected outcome of the study. A hypothesis is a concrete term which we predict before we study. A single study may have one or many hypothesis. A research hypothesis is also known as scientify hypothesis. This is the initial point of any investigation that translates the research questions into a prediction. It is an assumption that is made on the basis of some evidence. It is considered as 2nd most important phase after formulation of research problem. If the statement is found reasonable, then the hypothesis is accepted otherwise rejected. A hypothesis tells you what data to collect and what not to collect, thereby providing focus to the study. Definitions :- Goode and Hatt " a proposition which can be put to test to determine it's validity." Accord
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What is variables ? Types of variables and it's examples

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    What is Variables ?  A variable is an observable characteristic of an object or event that can be described according to some well-defined classification or measurement scheme. Example:-  Examples of variables studied in the behavioral or social science research include: gender, income, education, social class, organizational productivity, task orientation, recall memory, recognition memory, and achievement [ Kerlinger & Lee, 2001]. Types of variables:- There are 7 types of variables which are as follows:- 1. Independent Variable:- Variable which are responsible for bringing change in a phenomenon, situation or circumstance. Definitions:- " Independent variable is any variable whose values are in principle, independent of changes in the values of other variables." [ Reber & Reber, A.S.2001, P-784] " Independent variable is the presumed cause of the dependent variable, the presumed effect."  [Kerlinger,2002]  " I
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