What is Questionnaire ? definition of questionnaire, characteristics of questionnaire, types of questionnaire, advantages and disadvantages of questionnaire,

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 What is Questionnaire ?

A questionnaire is a set of written or printed questions with a choice of answers. It is a research instrument which is designed for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The questionnaire was invented by the statistical society of London in 1838. One of the earliest questionnaires was Dean Mille's Questionnaire of 1753. Questionnaires are usually standardized, meaning they will present the same exact questions in the same exact order for multiple participants. A questionnaire is used to conduct a survey, which is the process of gathering, sampling analyzing and interpreting data from a group of people. A questionnaires can be classified as both, quantitative & qualitative method depending on the nature of questions.



Definitions :-

" A questionnaire is a list of questions given to a number of persons for answer."  [ Bogardus ]

" In general, the word questionnaire refers to a device for securing answer to questions by using a form which the respondent fills in himself." [ Goode and Hatt, 1952 ]

" Questionnaire is a term used for almost any kind of instrument that has questions or items to which individuals respond."  [ Kerlinger, 2001 ]


Types of Questionnaire :-

1. Mail questionnaire :- This sort of questionnaires involve the researcher to send the questionnaire list to respondents through post, often attaching prepaid envelope.

Advantage :-

  • Provide more accurate answer because respondents can answer the questionnaire in their spare time.

Disadvantage :- 

  • Money consuming, time consuming and sometimes they end up in the bin put by respondents.

2. Closed questionnaire :- A closed-ended questionnaire refers to any question for which a researcher provides research participants with options from which to choose a response.

Advantage :-

  • Less time consuming
  • Low cost 
  • Easy to process
  • Makes group comparison easy
  • Does not requires much writing
  • useful for testing hypothesis 
  • Easy to answer.

Disadvantage :- 

  • No spontaneous responses
  •  Bias in answer categories

3. Open questionnaire :- Open-ended questions are defined as free form survey questions that allows a respondent to answer in open text formal such that they can answer based on their complete knowledge, feeling and understanding. This means that response to this question is not limited to a set of options.

Advantage :-

  • Permits an unlimited range of answers
  • Reveals how the respondents think about the question 
  • Responses can be used to expand on and clarify closed responses

Disadvantage :-

  • Time consuming
  • Limited control over length of response
  • Analysis relies on coding and that may be difficult, costly
4. Computer questionnaire :- This types of questionnaire is sent by the mail and the respondent has to answer it through a mail.

Advantage :- 
  • Money saving
  • Time efficiency
  • Respondents do not feel pressured 
  • Accurate answer
Disadvantage :- 
  • Sometimes respondent just ignore so much attention towards questions 
5. Telephone questionnaire :- The researcher mat call the respondent to get the answers of the questionnaire.

Advantage :- 
  • It can be completed in short period of time
Disadvantage :- 
  • Expensive
  • Sometimes most of the persons do not feel comfortable to answer many questions

Characteristics of Questionnaire :-
  • The question should be moving around the theme of the investigator
  • Relevant to the problem
  • Use of non-sentimental words
  • Moderate length
  • The question should be in logical manner
  • Unambiguity of words
  • Unambiguity of sentences
  • The question should be arranged in a proper manner
  • Simplicity of the sentences
  • Objectivity of questions
  • The question should be in analytical form
  • Definite sequences of questions
  • The language used should be easy and simple 
  • High reliability and validity
  • Clear and complete instructions should be given in the questionnaire

Advantages of Questionnaire :-
  • Time and labor saving
  • Economic
  • Covers wide area in short period of time
  • Naturalism
  • Realism
  • Free from biases

Disadvantages :- 
  • Subjectivity
  • Indirect study
  • Ambiguity of questions
  • Limited respondents
  • Partial recovery
  • Partly filled in questionnaire


Reference :-

http://studylecturenotes.com/qualities-of-a-good-questionnaire/

https://research-methodology.net/research-methods/survey-method/questionnaires-2/


Thank you....

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